Research
How halo reach is made to make the audience have fun.
justification for why i chose this question
I chose this question as i was planning to do something halo related in my final major project so i thought it clever to link these projects so my research for both would be strong.
I realize before starting this essay that i know nothing on game theories and how games work and i will have to do a lot of research but i chose this because I am very passionate in this section of media and would love to know more about since what i learnt from doing a unit before about gaming championships i have wanted to learn more. I also chose this topic to challenge myself and to make it so i learn more, i could have written loads on representation and gender easy but i thought it better to challenge myself and not take the easy way out.
Sources and evaluation
1) Carnagey, N., Anderson, C. and Bushman, B. (2007). The effect of video game violence on physiological desensitization to real-life violence. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43(3), pp.489-496.
I used this source to learn about desensitization and how it links to video games. It is a journal written about a stud done between the link of real life violence and young people who play video games. This will be very helpful and it taught me that there is a link between violence and playing video games but not the one that people normally amuse.
2) Gabriel Chong, Y., Scott Teng, K., Amy Siew, S. and Skoric, M. (2012). Cultivation Effects of Video Games: A Longer-Term Experimental Test of First- and Second-Order Effects. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 31(9), pp.952-971.
This source is about the cultivation theory and how it links to video games and the effects they have on people. From this source i have gathered that there is some effect that games have on people playing them but it is not just making them want to be violent but instead changing the effects of empathy on the person. This s really helpful to learn and it will greatly help my essay.
3) Halo Lore - Origin of Humanity in Halo. 2014. [video] Directed by H. Follower. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m_ZyivD7BXQ&list=PLnlUtt1crLoAKvYN_JhyNCW0VjMS6AAPC&index=13&t=0s.
This is a video about halo lore, it has facts from the books, comics, films and games. I am going to use it as evidence to show how a theory works and to link it back to a rlevent media text,it is a very helpful thing to learn.
4) Halo Lore - Noble Six. 2016. [video] Directed by H. Follower. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WG6G_wUw_MQ&list=PLnlUtt1crLoAKvYN_JhyNCW0VjMS6AAPC&index=7.
This Is a video about halo reach and how the chacaters were made and what they are like, I will use this as evidence to link to a media text to show what I will talk about and to back up any points i have.
This is the game i am writing about throughout my essay, i use it to show the requirements it set and goals that it challenged the players to do to make them have fun. I think it is clever to cite this as it is very helpful to my essay. it shows that there are lots of quests set so the player will go through them and get the feeling of fun.
6) shao, r. (2020). The Relation of Violent Video Games to Adolescent Aggression: An Examination of Moderated Mediation Effect. [online] Available at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00384/full [Accessed 28 Feb. 2020]
This is a paper about the relation of violence and video games, i learnt from this that there have been so many studies throught the years on this some that are said to be true but proven wrong not long after and one that proves that because people say theres such a link it has been made and the papers saying this have caused people to be violent and blame it on games and this has just been accepted as it got 'proved'. i found this to be very helpful to me and really effected my essay.
7) The Return of Reach - Why Halo Reach was the most loved AND hated Halo game. 2019. [video] Directed by h. Xperia. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dFuOADgn_Co&list=PLMFta-CCYzCfMLnAK-AECwR_86uJQh6Ht&index=9.
This is a video of a different aspect of halo lore, this video is all about halo reach and how it effected the players and community. i learnt from this video a lot about how halo reach with one small decision changed the world of major league gaming and has since ruined it for halo and halo competitors. I found this video helpful to my essay.
8) Worrall, W., 2019. Halo Reach's Enormous Player Plunge Reveals An Unsettling Fact. [online] CCN.com. Available at: <https://www.ccn.com/halo-reachs-enormous-player-plunge-reveals-an-unsettling-fact/> [Accessed 13 March 2020].
This is a article about Halo Reach and its players. i learnt from this that halo players at the start of the games life players were very divided, some said it is the worst halo game and some said it is the best but it caused a huge change in player numbers until it became available on the PC. This article was really helpful to my essay.
This a video game like halo but it is a more recent game. i used this game as a screenshot to show the different in the gore on more modern games compared to halo reach. i found this game to be a useful example. of the level of gore that new games have and how it links to desensitization.
10) Communication Theory. 2020. Cultivation Theory. [online] Available at: <https://www.communicationtheory.org/cultivation-theory/> [Accessed 3 April 2020].
theories-
1) bartle taxonomy- about the types of players
6)leblanc taxonomy- about how games are made to make the audience have fun
5) violence theories- about how the audience reacts to games
4) desnsatisation theories- about the different levels of gore thats included to interest the audience
3) cultivation theory- about how people who (watch tv but can compare to games) play games tend to be more depressed
2) passive and active audience- the different types of audience, the ones that would cosplay and the ones that just play
its proven that people are being violent in games instead of irl
directing people towards game instead of sexual frustration
violence theory
define the player and why
Bartle taxonomy
https://gameanalytics.com/blog/understanding-your-audience-bartle-player-taxonomy.html
me
caitlin
holly
This theory is about the different types of players and how to build character models in games. The theory says that there are different types of players and he made a graph to help to see and describe what sort of player someone is. this graph on the x axis shows how much players want to interact with others or explore the world and the y axis shows interaction with people or more of a one sided action. A small time after this theory was made they made a quiz where it generates questions that when answered tells you a result of what sort of player are you. I think that this theory of taxonomy is really interesting and shows the different characteristics of players and will help my in my anaslyation of the different types of players and why halo reach connects with its audience and who they are.
https://www.astralcom.com/marketing-101-what-is-taxonomy/
Leblanc taxonomy
Mda (mechanics, dynamics and aesthetic)
Mechanics describes the particular components of the game, at the level of data representation and algorithms. Dynamics describes the run-time behavior of the mechanics acting on player inputs and each othersà outputs over time. Aesthetics describes the desirable emotional responses evoked in the player, when she interacts with the game system.
with games they bring the goal to the player
8 kinds of fun
1.Sensation
Game as sense-pleasure
2. Fantasy
Game as make-believe
3. Narrative
Game as drama
4. Challenge
Game as obstacle course
5. Fellowship
Game as social framework
6. Discovery
Game as uncharted territory
7. Expression
Game as self-discovery
8. Submission
Game as pastime"Fundamental to this framework is the idea that games are
more like artifacts than media. By this we mean that the
content of a game is its behavior – not the media that
streams out of it towards the player.
Thinking about games as designed artifacts helps frame
them as systems that build behavior via interaction. It
supports clearer design choices and analysis at all levels of
study and development."
HUNICKE, R., LEBLANC, M. AND ZUBEK, R.
MDA: A Formal Approach to Game Design and Game Research
Leblancs theory says that there are 8 reasons people get fun from games and why games are made to be able to interest and audience. Le blanc says that when making a game the maker looks at the machincs then dynamics then aestetics but user and player of the game will look at it from the other way round i find this really interesting as i can find a lot of examples where i am and the poeple around me have done this. LeBlanc says that games are more like objects than media, he explains this more by saying that "the content of a game is its behavior - not the media that streams out of it towards the player." (Hunicke, LeBlanc and Zubek, 2004) This to means that games are more looked at as a a mechanical system that has been planned through lots of systematic choices, i also know this from the comparison illistations that are used in his journal. He says about the different ways that the 'fun' is made in games, he says that the requirements of games like completing quests as an example is where the audience would be feeling the fun so the more indeapth requirements and the more requirements the more fun bvut the aetetics are a part of the fun too as they make the audiecne enjoy the game and be more emotionally connected to it.
(power point from the references in that reference)
https://users.cs.northwestern.edu/~hunicke/MDA.pdf
Violence theory
https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.171474 xx
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00384/full
shao, r. (2020). The Relation of Violent Video Games to Adolescent Aggression: An Examination of Moderated Mediation Effect. [online] Available at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00384/full [Accessed 28 Feb. 2020].
(shao, 2020)
There are many theories and papers written about the link to aggression and violent video games. This study i found i think shows all evidence from the last 20 years and compares it really well to show the positive and negative effects of violent video games.
Cultivation theory
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273929301_Cultivation_Effects_of_Video_Games_A_Longer-Term_Experimental_Test_of_First-_and_Second-Order_Effects
Watching something enough you’ll be convicted something is real or normal or acceptable even though it might not be. Sometimes the message may not be the truth. E.g see a mass of things saying knife crime is on the up then you’ll start to think the area is bad as there’s a mass of knife crime
the effect the media has on changing peoples perception of something for example dogs. if theres a 'violent' dog story on the news they always put a picture of a snarling staffy when the photo was probably taken when it was playing and there probably wasn't even a staffy involved but because of this they are seen as dangerous dogs when they used to be called nanny dogs because they are to kind and loving.
Halo lore
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLnlUtt1crLoAKvYN_JhyNCW0VjMS6AAPC
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dFuOADgn_Co&list=PLMFta-CCYzCfMLnAK-AECwR_86uJQh6Ht&index=9
https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.171474 xx
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00384/full
shao, r. (2020). The Relation of Violent Video Games to Adolescent Aggression: An Examination of Moderated Mediation Effect. [online] Available at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00384/full [Accessed 28 Feb. 2020].
(shao, 2020)
There are many theories and papers written about the link to aggression and violent video games. This study i found i think shows all evidence from the last 20 years and compares it really well to show the positive and negative effects of violent video games.
Cultivation theory
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273929301_Cultivation_Effects_of_Video_Games_A_Longer-Term_Experimental_Test_of_First-_and_Second-Order_Effects
Watching something enough you’ll be convicted something is real or normal or acceptable even though it might not be. Sometimes the message may not be the truth. E.g see a mass of things saying knife crime is on the up then you’ll start to think the area is bad as there’s a mass of knife crime
the effect the media has on changing peoples perception of something for example dogs. if theres a 'violent' dog story on the news they always put a picture of a snarling staffy when the photo was probably taken when it was playing and there probably wasn't even a staffy involved but because of this they are seen as dangerous dogs when they used to be called nanny dogs because they are to kind and loving.
Desensitisation
Watching lots of things and getting desensitised
If you watch violent things enough then you’ll build up a tolerance and you won’t be so shocked and it loses its impact.
E.g saw had to become more violent and gorey so it’d shock people
Halo lore
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLnlUtt1crLoAKvYN_JhyNCW0VjMS6AAPC
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dFuOADgn_Co&list=PLMFta-CCYzCfMLnAK-AECwR_86uJQh6Ht&index=9
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