Critical Context

Genre
This is the presentation Karla and I made about genre and Steve Neale's Repetition and differences theory. 










Audience

Passive audience- passive audience is an audience that will watch and enjoy a product but will not get effected by it or make many opinions on it for example I watch vanossgaming but i don't talk about it or have much of an opinion on it i just watch and enjoy it.

Active audience- active audience is someone who is very interested and in the fandom of a product for example i really like dan howell and i will talk about him constantly and i am in the fandom, i own some of his merchandise. 

Negotiated audience- negotiated audience is an audience that could see the good and bad of a product and will talk about this for example i watch riverdale but if someone asks me about it or if i am talking about it i will talk about the positive and negative parts of the show.

desensitization theory 

This theory suggest that tv and watching different things have made audiences less sensitive to different things for example scary and Gorey films have made it so people are less likely to react to gore now and people complain if a movie doesn't have realistic enough gore and people dying this shows how desensitization to this people have become. 
for example in halo the old graphics when the game was first released had very little gore or blood but when it was remastered they added effects like damage and gore in the body and the more blood that comes off. 

Cultivation theory
an application of this theory is that it is proven that people who watch tv more are more depressed, lonely and have more mistrust to the world. 


 Various studies have supported the claim that those who watch television more frequently, often display higher tendencies of being depressed and lonely, sense of alienation, have feelings of mistrust and think that the world is a malicious place.
In-text: (Communication Theory, 2020)
Your Bibliography: Communication Theory. (2020). Cultivation Theory. [online] Available at: https://www.communicationtheory.org/cultivation-theory/ [Accessed 12 Feb. 2020].

this theory is linked to how people view the world and how the media portrays it. for example if the media where to show an area as violent even if it isnt then people who watch the media will believe it and avoid the area. another example is that whenever a story on the news includes a violent dog they show a pit bull or staffy and yet most of the time these dog are not involved and they are actually very passive, kind dogs but because the media always shows them as bad and violent people hate them, cross the street away from them and more. 


Auteur 


Auteur is the art of being a director, it is a theory that a director that does the lights, camera works, editing and staging. It is a part of the theory is that you can see the different styles of the different auteur's this is because the different directors all have things they do and try to do in every film. an example of this is wes anderson uses a lot of symmetry. 
There is a opposing side to this theory as there are people who say that the lighting and camera work is mostly up to the operators.
for example you can always tell when tim burton directed a film because he chose every last detail and puts in his own style like with alice in wonderland he takes a lot of detail in the hatters eyes, something another director wouldn't have done. for example when the hatter gets mad he changes his eye colour from green to orange. 


representation and gender


representation and gender is about how the different genders and sexuality are represented in different media's. the way gender and representation is shown in the media has vastly improved in recent years and is forever improving. 

the male gaze theory 

I learnt about this theory in relation to music videos but it really apply's to most media types. The theory is about how women are presented in relation to how they are being treated by men or how passive they are shown. for example in music videos girls are shows as controllable objects that are swapped and judged so that the videos target audience of men will be attracted to this and enjoy it.
for example in the show deathnote for no reason the main woman character misa anmie is dressed is barely anything just for the man characters attention and pleasure. 


Narrative 

narrative in media is everywhere and effects everything. it is the way everything is written and layed out. there are many theories about this for example todorov has a theory that suggests there are 5 stages to the narratives or stories. 

It starts with equilibrium where the story starts and everything is okay and showing the viewer what normal life is for the characters. next is disequilibrium where something changes and effects it all. after that is acknowledgement where the characters recognize that something is wrong and something will change. then they solve the problem whatever it might be and finally it returns to the equilibrium  and the characters are all back to normal and thats the end of it all. 
For example in Hunger games they start off in their home district then it shows something big is happening, the name choosing and this changes everything instantly. next the acknolegement where they are starting training and they see how bad this is. next they work through until they are back to the equilibrium, home in their first district. 


What makes a source academic-add examples 

There are different things that make a source academic.

The first thing is the authors credentials, to make sure the source is academic you have to first know that the person who wrote it knows a lot about the field and it is highly educated in this sector so that you can be sure to know everything that is written is correct and accurate. for example at the bottom of this article "Carnagey, N., Anderson, C. and Bushman, B. (2007). The effect of video game violence on physiological desensitization to real-life violence. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43(3), pp.489-496. " it clearly states the names of the people who created this article and a small look in to them and you can find that they have a professional knowledge in this section. 

The next thing to look for is a list of sources from what they write. you can be sure all the information is correct if it is also cited to an academic source. for example in articles there will be a bibliography that cites all sources that were researched to write the article. 

Another way to tell is a source is academic is to see who has published it for example if it was published by someone like oxford you can be sure to know that they have checked all information is correct. 

Another good thing to see about sources are when they weer released as after awhile of being published a source can have out of date information and may not be correct. 


The evaluation of different types of sources

there are a few different types of sources and they have advantages and disadvantages. When researching its good to know what sources to look for and what ones will give you better and more reliable information or where you might find the most information for example if your trying to find information about Netflix and how it has effect the movie business you wouldn't look in a book or old media textbook you would look for articles online or videos. 

some examples of different types of sources: 
-books
-Academic Articles
-Magazines
-websites

for each of these source types there are lots of posatives and nagatives and before doing any reserch it is good to know what source could be the most helpful to your work and what you are looking in to. 

Books

positives-
Books usually cover topics in detail 
Before a book is published they will probably check all of the facts are correct
Before writing a book the writer will have to do a lot of research and know a lot about the chosen subject 
At the end of a book there will usually be a lot of sources linked that the writer looked at and could be helpful to the reader
Books are easy to carry around

Negatives-
The information can grow out of date as new study's and theory's are found to be more useful and correct. 
You can not carry many around as they get heavy so you would only be able to look up one specific subject
There are a lot of author biases in books
They can take awhile to be published


Academic journals 

Positives-
They will include the most up to date research 
They can cover specific topics in detail 
the quality is  being checked through other people looking through it 
they included citations to other sources that can be helpful
They have trust worthy information

Negatives-
They are very specific and unhelpful if you need a broader range of information


Magazine

Positives-
It is up to date with all the current research and you can check the date easy to see
There is a community to magazines there are always way that they can get involved and discuss the latest research 
It will show new resources and helpful things. 

negatives-
Magazines are not trusted as well as the other sources as they are not as qualified or recognized
magazines normally include a lot of writer bias 


Websites

positives- 
Websites are very easy to find and get on it
Websites are normally full of up to date research 
They are free for people to access 
There is all the information you could need spread over different sites

Negatives-
Websites do not have a fact check as anyone can make one
They are rarely included as academic and allowed to be a proper citation
It is hard to find the best results
sometimes you cant check the date and wont be able to tell how old the information is
information can be changed without you knowing and it could make your citation mean nothing







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